Crop timing, hopper throughput, and mob spawn range — three different mechanics, three different confidence levels. See the note on each tab.
Growth is driven by random ticks, not a fixed timer — these are statistical averages, not guarantees. Assumes you harvest and replant each plant the moment it matures. Nether wart ignores farmland/water and always grows at the same fixed rate.
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Min / Cycle
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Cycles / Hr
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Plants Harvested / Hr
Standard unlocked hopper: 1 item transfers every 8 game ticks (0.4s), regardless of stack size. This is per link in the chain — parallel hopper lines multiply throughput, this calculates a single line.
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Total Time
2.5
Items / Sec
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Items / Hr
Java Edition rules: nothing spawns closer than 24 blocks. 24–32 blocks spawns and never distance-despawns. 32–128 blocks is the normal farm zone — spawns, with a slow random despawn chance while idle. Past 128 blocks, mobs can't spawn and despawn instantly. Since 1.18, hostile mobs also need block light level exactly 0 to spawn.